{"id":661643,"date":"2025-05-08T04:59:02","date_gmt":"2025-05-08T08:59:02","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-08-14T00:28:41","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T04:28:41","slug":"living-in-an-undocumented-immigrant-family-under-the-second-trump-administration-fear-uncertainty-and-impacts-on-health-and-well-being","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/living-in-an-undocumented-immigrant-family-under-the-second-trump-administration-fear-uncertainty-and-impacts-on-health-and-well-being\/","title":{"rendered":"Living in an Undocumented Immigrant Family Under the Second Trump Administration: Fear, Uncertainty, and Impacts on Health and Well-Being"},"content":{"rendered":"<div\n\tclass=\"wp-block-kff-shared-content--standard-layout wp-block-kff-shared-content\">\n\t\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-kff-shared-content-main\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"post-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<h1 class=\"post-header__title\">Living in an Undocumented Immigrant Family Under the Second Trump Administration: Fear, Uncertainty, and Impacts on Health and Well-Being<\/h1>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"post-header__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-header__meta-label\">\n\t\t\t\tAuthors:\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/person\/drishti-pillai\/\">Drishti Pillai<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/person\/isabelle-valdes\/\">Isabelle Valdes<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/person\/alisha-rao\/\">Alisha Rao<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/person\/samantha-artiga\/\">Samantha Artiga<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/person\/liz-hamel\/\">Liz Hamel<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/person\/shannon-schumacher\/\">Shannon Schumacher<\/a> \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"post-header__meta-label\">Published:<\/span>\n\t\t\t<date>May 8, 2025<\/date>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"post-header__social-sharing\">\n\t\t<button 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Link<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-table-of-contents\">\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-table-of-contents\">\n<div class=\"toc-title--placeholder\">\n\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"toc-nav toc-nav--open wp-block-tenup-table-of-contents-nav\">\n\n\t<div class=\"toc-title\">\n\t\t<button class=\"toc-nav__toggle\" type=\"button\"><\/button>\n\t\t<span class=\"toc-title__label\">Section:<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"toc-title__text\"><\/span>\n\t\t<div class=\"toc-title__quicknav-buttons is-loading\">\n\t\t\t<button disabled role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M6.93729 10.0006L13.9759 3.57162C14.2216 3.32653 14.2216 2.9289 13.9759 2.68381C13.7302 2.43873 13.3313 2.43873 13.0856 2.68381L5.59558 9.52484C5.46429 9.65551 5.40864 9.82932 5.41739 9.99999C5.40864 10.1713 5.46429 10.3445 5.59558 10.4752L13.0856 17.3162C13.3313 17.5613 13.7302 17.5613 13.9759 17.3162C14.2216 17.0711 14.2216 16.6734 13.9759 16.4284L6.93729 10.0006Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"toc-title__quicknav-page\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"toc-title__quicknav-buttons__current\">0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"toc-title__quicknav-buttons__divider\">\/<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"toc-title__quicknav-buttons__total\">0<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<button disabled role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M13.9996 9.52425L6.49334 2.6838C6.24703 2.43873 5.84756 2.43873 5.60124 2.6838C5.35493 2.92885 5.35493 3.32646 5.60124 3.57153L12.6549 10L5.60187 16.4285C5.35555 16.6735 5.35555 17.0712 5.60187 17.3162C5.84818 17.5612 6.24765 17.5612 6.49395 17.3162L14.0002 10.4757C14.1315 10.3451 14.1878 10.1719 14.179 10.0006C14.1872 9.82871 14.1309 9.65554 13.9996 9.52425Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\t\n<nav class=\"wp-block-tenup-table-of-contents-nav\"><div class=\"toc-top-level__item wp-block-tenup-table-of-contents-item\" data-index=\"1\" data-uuid=\"f1decf2f-e667-4614-bc78-00237ae58558\">\n\t<a href=\"#f1decf2f-e667-4614-bc78-00237ae58558\" \n\t\tclass=\"toc-top-level__button\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t<span class=\"toc-top-level__number\">1.<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"toc-top-level__title\">Findings<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"toc-headings\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"toc-headings__item toc-headings__item--level-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#f1decf2f-e667-4614-bc78-00237ae58558--h-introduction\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"toc-headings__button\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tIntroduction\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"toc-headings__item toc-headings__item--level-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#f1decf2f-e667-4614-bc78-00237ae58558--h-major-concerns-among-immigrant-families-today\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"toc-headings__button\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMajor Concerns Among Immigrant Families Today\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"toc-headings__item toc-headings__item--level-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#f1decf2f-e667-4614-bc78-00237ae58558--h-knowledge-of-immigration-policies-and-rights\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"toc-headings__button\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKnowledge of Immigration Policies and Rights\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"toc-headings__item toc-headings__item--level-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#f1decf2f-e667-4614-bc78-00237ae58558--h-immigration-related-fears\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"toc-headings__button\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tImmigration Related Fears\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"toc-headings__item toc-headings__item--level-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#f1decf2f-e667-4614-bc78-00237ae58558--h-impacts-of-fears-on-workplaces-and-employment\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"toc-headings__button\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tImpacts of Fears on Workplaces and Employment\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"toc-headings__item toc-headings__item--level-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#f1decf2f-e667-4614-bc78-00237ae58558--h-impacts-of-fears-on-daily-lives\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"toc-headings__button\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tImpacts of Fears on Daily Lives\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"toc-headings__item toc-headings__item--level-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#f1decf2f-e667-4614-bc78-00237ae58558--h-impacts-on-health-and-well-being\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"toc-headings__button\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tImpacts on Health and Well-Being\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"toc-headings__item toc-headings__item--level-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#f1decf2f-e667-4614-bc78-00237ae58558--h-future-outlook\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"toc-headings__button\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFuture Outlook\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"toc-top-level__item wp-block-tenup-table-of-contents-item\" data-index=\"2\" data-uuid=\"497d1706-45f7-41b4-b427-6f15f48700e8\">\n\t<a href=\"#497d1706-45f7-41b4-b427-6f15f48700e8\" \n\t\tclass=\"toc-top-level__button\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t<span class=\"toc-top-level__number\">2.<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"toc-top-level__title\">Methodology<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-table-of-contents-content\">\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-table-of-contents-content\">\n<div class=\"toc-section wp-block-tenup-table-of-contents-section\" id=\"f1decf2f-e667-4614-bc78-00237ae58558\" data-uuid=\"f1decf2f-e667-4614-bc78-00237ae58558\">\n\t<h2 class=\"toc-section__title\">Findings<\/h2>\n\t\n<div data-uuid=\"f1decf2f-e667-4614-bc78-00237ae58558\" class=\"wp-block-tenup-table-of-contents-section\"><div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-introduction\">Introduction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During his second term, President Trump has implemented an array of immigration policy changes focused on restricting immigration and increasing interior immigration enforcement efforts. These policy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/issue-brief\/expected-immigration-policies-under-a-second-trump-administration-and-their-health-and-economic-implications\/\">changes<\/a> include restrictions on both lawful and unlawful immigration into the U.S., increased interior enforcement activities to support <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/issue-brief\/potential-impacts-of-mass-detention-and-deportation-efforts-on-the-health-and-well-being-of-immigrant-families\/\">mass deportation<\/a>, attempts to end birthright citizenship for the children of noncitizen immigrants, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/news\/2025\/01\/21\/statement-dhs-spokesperson-directives-expanding-law-enforcement-and-ending-abuse\">rescinding protections<\/a> against enforcement action in previously protected areas such as schools, churches, and health care facilities. These actions have broad <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/issue-brief\/potential-impacts-of-mass-detention-and-deportation-efforts-on-the-health-and-well-being-of-immigrant-families\/\">impacts<\/a> across immigrant families of all statuses, including the millions of U.S. citizen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/issue-brief\/children-of-immigrants-key-facts-on-health-coverage-and-care\/\">children<\/a> living in them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To better understand how the shifting policy environment is affecting immigrant families, KFF conducted four focus groups in March 2025 with 29 Hispanic adults who were likely undocumented or living with a likely undocumented family member in California, Texas, New Jersey and New York, and parts of the Midwest (Kansas, Missouri, North Carolina, and Nebraska) (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/report-section\/living-in-an-undocumented-immigrant-family-under-the-second-trump-administration-fear-uncertainty-and-impacts-on-health-and-well-being-methodology\">Methodology<\/a>). These findings provide deeper understanding of experiences reported in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/poll-finding\/kff-survey-of-immigrants-views-and-experiences-in-the-early-days-of-president-trumps-second-term\">KFF survey<\/a> of immigrant adults. The focus group participants\u2019 experiences highlight the broad impacts of shifting immigration policies on their lives, including negative impacts on work as well as their and their children\u2019s daily lives and routines, health, and well-being. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0190740925001598\">Research<\/a> suggests that many of these impacts may have long-term negative effects on health, including the health of their children. They may also have broader impacts on the nation\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/itep.org\/undocumented-immigrants-taxes-2024\/\">economy<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/issue-brief\/employment-among-immigrants-and-implications-for-health-and-health-care\/\">workforce<\/a>, given the role immigrants play, particularly in certain industries such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/issue-brief\/the-role-of-adult-children-of-immigrants-in-the-u-s-health-care-workforce\/\">health care<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/issue-brief\/potential-implications-of-immigration-restrictions-on-the-u-s-agricultural-workforce\/\">agriculture<\/a>, and construction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-major-concerns-among-immigrant-families-today\">Major Concerns Among Immigrant Families Today<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Most participants expressed major concerns about the economy and their financial situation today despite being employed<\/strong>. When asked about how things are going in the U.S. for them and their family, participants frequently cited concerns about the economy and its impact on their family\u2019s finances. Like immigrant adults <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/report-section\/understanding-the-u-s-immigrant-experience-the-2023-kff-la-times-survey-of-immigrants-findings\/\">overall<\/a>, most participants said they came to the U.S. for improved economic and\/or educational opportunities for themselves and their children and talked about the significant contributions they make to the U.S. workforce. However, participants shared growing concerns about their financial situation amid the current economy, noting that it is becoming increasingly difficult to make ends meet due to rising costs. Business owners and service workers also said they were experiencing declines in income due to lower spending by consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-style-blue-box wp-block-tenup-callout\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-callout__content\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In Their Own Words: Concerns About the Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cConsidering the financial situation that we are seeing, for example my wife and her parents came here years ago..[the] economy was different, it was a different economy, stronger, people could buy their houses more easily, etc. and you don\u2019t see that [now]\u2026- 38-year-old Venezuelan immigrant man in California<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cBefore, everything flowed differently. Now, the economy, for me, being in business\u2026it\u2019s super slow. People don\u2019t spend like before. Before, they would go to the store and spend $100, but now people think twice before spending $1 because there\u2019s no more. Before we had a bit more financial breathing room, now, we don\u2019t.\u201d- 42-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cBut the United States, I can speak from my experience since I arrived in 2019, before the pandemic. I can say that the little I earned back then was enough, and I could save. Currently, I earn more, and it\u2019s still not enough. It\u2019s very difficult to meet all the monthly needs.\u201d &#8211; 34-year-old Ecuadorian immigrant woman in New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI also think that this issue of tariffs that Trump is imposing is also stressing everyone out because everything is getting more expensive. Food is getting more expensive, cars are going to get more expensive, acquiring a home, work materials are also getting more expensive. So, in one way or another, that\u2019s going to affect all of us as a society.\u201d &#8211; 30-year-old Colombian immigrant man in New York<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Participants also noted that it has become much harder to be an immigrant in the U.S. due to the changes in immigration policy and shifting attitudes towards immigrants<\/strong>. Many focus group participants expressed that it is much harder to be an immigrant in the U.S. due to the Trump administration\u2019s changes to immigration policy and growing economic challenges, with one participant expressing that \u201cThe American Dream&#8230; is not like before.\u201d Additionally, some participants reported experiencing increasing levels of discrimination and unfair treatment. Some felt they were experiencing growing levels of discrimination not only due to their immigration status but also due to their Hispanic background. Several focus group participants expressed that they feel less welcome in their communities and\/or the country, with one saying that they are being made to feel like Hispanic people \u201cshouldn\u2019t exist\u201d. Several participants said that they no longer feel wanted in the country even though they are following all the rules and contributing to the economy, often doing jobs that U.S.-born citizens don\u2019t want to do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-style-blue-box wp-block-tenup-callout\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-callout__content\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In Their Own Words: Immigration Concerns and Shifting Attitudes Towards Immigrants<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe situation is even worse now. The \u201cAmerican Dream,\u201d I think, is not like before. Before we used to say, \u2018I want to go to the United States because life is better there.\u2019 I think everything has changed now, and it\u2019s all so difficult.\u201d &#8211; 42-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIt\u2019s like the government is against us [Latinos]. We are the workforce, and I don\u2019t understand why. We are really good people, we are workers. The point is that, for them we are not, and it seems like we\u2019re not wanted like we were before.\u201d &#8211; 51-year-old Colombian immigrant woman in Iowa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe come here to work. Since I arrived, I\u2019ve followed all the rules to the letter to be in good standing with the country. I don\u2019t do anything wrong, and they don\u2019t focus on that. They don\u2019t focus on the fact that we come to work, to get ahead, to prosper, and to help the country too.\u201d &#8211; 55-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Kansas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI feel like if they see you and realize you\u2019re Mexican or [Latino], it\u2019s like they even look at you badly, like they don\u2019t want us here, obviously. So that part makes us feel uncomfortable.\u201d &#8211; 29-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Kansas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI do feel very much feel threatened, like [Latinos] shouldn\u2019t exist.\u201d &#8211; 24-year-old Colombian immigrant man in Missouri<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI grew up in a very Republican community in Missouri\u2026. In those places I\u2019ve visited, a month ago or so, but there, you really don\u2019t feel welcome\u2026 they realize you\u2019re Latino or they can see it on your face, and it seems like everything changes in those kinds of communities.\u201d &#8211; 24-year-old Mexican immigrant man in Missouri<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cCurrently this President, the truth I think is that he has imposed a lot of racism, even the students at schools are a little afraid, other students harass them sometimes, it\u2019s difficult.\u201d- 50-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in California<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI work at Taco Bell. A lot of people come in, and they\u2019re from here, and they like it, but when they hear you speak Spanish, they look at you, and they say, \u2018I don\u2019t understand you. You have an accent.\u2019 Before, in all the time I worked there, that didn\u2019t happen, but now, they feel more free to get on top of you.\u201d- 34-year-old Ecuadorian immigrant woman in New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-knowledge-of-immigration-policies-and-rights\">Knowledge of Immigration Policies and Rights<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Many participants said they have received information about their rights as immigrants, with a number referencing the \u201cKnow Your Rights Red Card,\u201d although awareness varied by region<\/strong>. Most focus group participants in California, New Jersey, New York, and Texas reported hearing or receiving information about \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilrc.org\/red-cards-tarjetas-rojas\">Know Your Rights Red Cards<\/a>.\u201d The \u201cRed Card\u201d is a pocket-sized card available in numerous languages that contains information about constitutional rights during encounters with immigration enforcement officials that have been widely shared by immigrant-serving community-based organizations (Figure 1). However, most focus group participants in the Midwest were not aware of \u201cKnow Your Rights\u201d cards, and many said that they didn\u2019t believe they had any rights as immigrants, suggesting less outreach and education in some areas of the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Figure 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Know-Your-Rights-Red-Card.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-662140\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Know-Your-Rights-Red-Card.png\" alt=\"Image of card available for download on RedCardOrders.com. Card reads: You have constitutional rights: 1. Do not open the door if an immigration agent is knocking. If you are inside of your house, show the card through the window or slide it under the door. 2. Do not answer any questions from an immigration agent if they try to talk to you. You have the right to remain silent. 3. Do not sign anything without first speaking to a lawyer. You have the right to speak to a lawyer. 4. If you are outside of your house, show this card to the agent. Ask the agent if you are free to leave and if they say you can, leave calmly. \" width=\"734\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/05\/Know-Your-Rights-Red-Card.png 734w, https:\/\/www.kff.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/05\/Know-Your-Rights-Red-Card.png?resize=300,172 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.redcardorders.com\">www.redcardorders.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Despite many participants receiving information on immigrant rights, most remain confused and say they do not have enough information about their rights or U.S. immigration policies<\/strong>. Like immigrant adults <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/poll-finding\/kff-survey-of-immigrants-views-and-experiences-in-the-early-days-of-president-trumps-second-term\">overall<\/a>, focus group participants said they do not have enough information to understand how U.S. immigration policies impact them and their families. Participants reported using a variety of sources to obtain information about immigration policies including but not limited to social media such as TikTok, immigration attorneys, government websites, friends and family, and English as well as Spanish-language news. However, several participants noted that they were concerned about misinformation being spread through social media. Participants expressed a need for increased availability of clear and accurate information related to immigration policy from trusted sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-style-blue-box wp-block-tenup-callout\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-callout__content\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In Their Own Words: Knowledge of Immigrant Rights and Immigration Policies <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cMy source of information is my daughter. There\u2019s a red paper, I think she put it in my wallet. She looked for proof that I\u2019ve been here for so long and put it in my wallet too. She said \u2018Dad, keep this, put it with your insurance,\u2019 and she said, \u2018if [ICE] stops you, read this paper.\u2019 So I learned a little about the rights I had.\u201d- 40-year-old Mexican immigrant man in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIn the church I go to, they gave us a flyer telling us our rights in case we encounter ICE, or they come to our house or we encounter them in the street, in the office. They gave us something to read for reference.\u201d &#8211; 54-year-old Colombian immigrant woman in New York<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI follow many social media pages and associations that are pro-immigrant. They sometimes organize meetings with immigration lawyers, where they provide advice on what should be done and offer tips to people. So, I try to follow that to get valid information, mainly coming from actual lawyers to inform myself that way.\u201d &#8211; 34-year-old Ecuadorian immigrant woman in New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAll of that [information about immigration policies] confuses me because I don\u2019t know who is right, and I don\u2019t know the truth. If something happens to me, I don\u2019t know what I\u2019m going to do because I don\u2019t know who is credible.\u201d &#8211; 55-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Kansas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cYou see a lot of things on the platforms, TikTok, Instagram, Facebook, some say one thing, other say another thing, it&#8217;s very difficult to believe in a lot of things that you see, that is why I say that the information is not adequate as it should be.\u201d &#8211; 51-year-old Mexican immigrant man in California<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cOne of the questions and fears of certain friends, and also mine, for being an immigrant, we have the same rights than a resident or a citizen from here? That is the question, do we have the same rights? Can we remain silent when they stop us? Can we say that we are under the United States constitution?\u201d &#8211; 51-year-old Mexican immigrant man in California<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThere\u2019s a problem, sorry, I say there\u2019s a problem, because there\u2019s information, but there\u2019s also misinformation. A lot of false news comes out. But there should be some kind of mechanism to provide information about what to do in these cases.\u201d &#8211; 30-year-old Colombian immigrant man in New York<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI would like to know all the rights that could defend me, to defend myself, in case one day I find myself in that situation. Because, honestly, I\u2019m not prepared for it, and I don\u2019t even want to imagine it.\u201d &#8211; 28-year-old Salvadoran immigrant man in Texas<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Some participants said they have sought legal advice from attorneys but noted concerns about costs and potentially <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world-nation\/story\/2023-09-17\/immigration-scams-are-rampant-how-to-avoid\"><strong>fraudulent<\/strong><\/a><strong> immigration attorneys or <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanbar.org\/groups\/public_interest\/immigration\/projects_initiatives\/fightnotariofraud\/about_notario_fraud\/\"><strong>notarios<\/strong><\/a>. Some participants said they have consulted immigration attorneys to better understand their rights as an immigrant and\/or to discuss adjusting their immigration status. Participants who consulted or who had considered consulting an attorney said that the costs associated with legal services were a major barrier, with one immigrant noting they were charged a one-time, $10,000 cash payment from a lawyer. A few participants also noted concerns about \u201cnotarios\u201d, who may represent themselves as licensed or qualified to provide immigration assistance, but are not and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world-nation\/story\/2023-09-17\/immigration-scams-are-rampant-how-to-avoid\">take advantage<\/a> of the Hispanic immigrant community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-immigration-related-fears\">Immigration Related Fears<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nearly all participants said that they are experiencing resounding levels of fear and uncertainty due to shifting policies under the Trump administration<\/strong>. These fears extended beyond those who were undocumented to those with lawful status. Some participants noted that, during the campaign, President Trump said enforcement activity would focus on criminals, but now it feels like everyone is at risk since the administration is focusing enforcement activity on all undocumented immigrants, even if they have not committed crimes, and has eliminated lawful status and protections for some groups. Some participants were uncertain about who is and who is not at risk for deportation and the implications of registering with the Department of Homeland Security as an undocumented immigrant under the new <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscis.gov\/alienregistration\">requirement<\/a> established by President Trump. A few participants noted that they heard about or previously experienced terrible conditions in detention centers, making them feel like they will take whatever steps necessary to avoid detention. Participants also noted a lot of uncertainty about the future given continually shifting policies and worried whether they or their family members may be at risk for deportation in the future. Some participants also noted growing fears among children about their parents being detained or deported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-style-blue-box wp-block-tenup-callout\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-callout__content\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In Their Own Words: Immigration-Related Fears and Uncertainty<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI mean, all kinds of things can happen, so you live with that fear when you go out, because obviously, as I said, you don\u2019t know what will happen. Especially in my case, I have a six-year-old child, and that worries me a lot, mostly because of the immigration issue.\u201d &#8211; 49-year-old Costa Rican immigrant woman in New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cEven the children worry. \u2018Mom, did you get home safely?\u2019 They\u2019re already thinking that something is going to happen to us on the street. So that also makes me very nervous, knowing that there might come a time when they could be left here alone. That\u2019s something, you die, and they die from sadness. An unthinkable thing.\u201d &#8211; 54-year-old Colombian immigrant woman in New York<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cYou think, &#8216;OK, I don\u2019t know how long I\u2019ll really be able to stay here. I don\u2019t know if I\u2019ll get deported.&#8217; And I\u2019m also thinking about my daughter\u2019s future because now it\u2019s not just about me; it\u2019s about her too. So yes, it\u2019s really worrying.\u201d &#8211; 39-year-old Venezuelan immigrant woman in Iowa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAnd the issue is that, as far as I know, ICE has a daily quota they need to meet\u2026so they pick up whoever, whether they have papers or not. That\u2019s why there are also cases where they even pick up citizens in their desperation to take everyone\u2026.\u201d &#8211; 54-year-old Colombian immigrant woman in New York<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c&#8230; [the news was] saying that the immigrants had to register, and they even were given the immigration page, and they were showing supposedly the steps to follow\u2026 it gave me a lot of anxiety because\u2026 a record is saying here I am openly, you can come to look for me whenever you want.\u201d &#8211; 52-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in California<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAt the border, immigration took my visa because that day they started investigating why I had a child here and was here illegally. They took it away, and with lies, they made me sign a paper in English&#8230;that said I didn\u2019t want my visa back. It was impossible for me to sign that I didn\u2019t want my visa, but they lied to me and told me that if I didn\u2019t sign, they would send me for detention here\u2026So, out of fear, I signed, and they sent me back to Mexico.\u201d &#8211; 42-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Texas<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In some cases, participants\u2019 fears have been amplified by increases in enforcement activity in their communities as well as by news and social media reports of immigration raids<\/strong>. Participants living in border areas in California and Texas were particularly likely to report a large presence of ICE agents in their communities and noted that there was this presence before President Trump took office. However, some participants, particularly those in Texas, reported that the atmosphere was different now with ICE agents having \u201ctheir weapons\u201d or being \u201cdressed in civilian clothes.\u201d Several participants said they know someone who was detained or deported since President Trump took office, including neighbors and family members. Many participants noted that news stories and social media posts about enforcement activity can stoke fears, but that sometimes the social media posts about raids in the community are false. Some participants indicated that they knew that enforcement activity can now happen in places that were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/news\/2025\/01\/21\/statement-dhs-spokesperson-directives-expanding-law-enforcement-and-ending-abuse\">previously protected<\/a>, such as schools and churches, further adding to their fears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-style-blue-box wp-block-tenup-callout\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-callout__content\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In Their Own Words: Experiences with Immigration Enforcement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIt\u2019s very different for us, those of us who live on the border. For me, it\u2019s normal. I can go into a store, a convenience store, and I might run into an immigration agent, a border patrol agent in green, and I can see them anywhere here in the Valley. I\u2019m not afraid of them, but it\u2019s very different now with ICE agents because they wear their vests, their weapons, and we already know that ICE agents will go after anyone, anyone who looks Latino.\u201d- 40-year-old Mexican immigrant man in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cHere where I live is very quiet, but [the influencers] scare you on social media.\u201d &#8211; 41-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in California<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI think social media makes us very scared, but up until now, from everything I\u2019ve heard, I haven\u2019t seen anything.\u201d &#8211; 42-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe friend said, that [ICE] go around dressed in civilian clothes and stand on the corner, but I already saw a case like that with my neighbor. They took the neighbors, but they were dressed in civilian clothes. I didn\u2019t think it was ICE until later, when a daughter came and told me \u2018Didn\u2019t you see that they took my parents?\u2019 and I told her I had seen it but I thought it was someone, a friend.\u201d &#8211; 58-year-old Mexican immigrant man in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cMy cousin\u2019s wife contacted me to ask how we were doing and how everything was around me because they deported her older nephew, but he was a person with valid TPS [Temporary Protected Status]. She says that it was simply because he had a tattoo, and he ended up in El Salvador.\u201d &#8211; 39-year-old Venezuelan immigrant woman in Iowa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c&#8230;here where I live, when everything first started, in the Walmart that is five minutes from here, [ICE] supposedly did a raid. I don\u2019t know if they took someone specific but just knowing that they were nearby scares me. Even if it\u2019s the regular police I get scared.\u201d &#8211; 34-year-old Ecuadorian immigrant woman in New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThey now even went into churches when before they used to say they couldn\u2019t.\u201d &#8211; 29-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Kansas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI also see a lot of TikToks where [immigration enforcement officials] are looking in churches and in all the restaurants, they\u2019re looking around. So, yes, you live with that fear.\u201d -29-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Kansas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u2026We live with fear&#8230; you see a lot of things on TV and in the news. I\u2019m afraid when my daughter goes to university, afraid that she might not come back. You go out and as we say in my country, you\u2019re &#8220;paniqueado&#8221; [panicked] looking around everywhere if you see something strange.\u201d &#8211; 54-year-old Dominican immigrant woman in New York<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Some participants said they have planned for the care of their children or other family members in case they are detained or deported<\/strong>. Some participants said they spoke with their children about potential scenarios involving detention, deportation, and\/or family separation and said that they had assigned a local guardian for their children in case of such an event. A few also reported making plans for their homes or businesses in case they are detained or deported. However, others said they were avoiding talking to their children and other loved ones about potential deportation so as not to create more fear and stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-style-blue-box wp-block-tenup-callout\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-callout__content\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In Their Own Words: Plans for Potential Detention or Deportation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI spend my time thinking about scenarios of how to solve things, who\u2019s going to take care of my son, who\u2019s going to take care of my mom, how can I take them with me. I mean, I spend my time thinking about it, and sometimes I can\u2019t sleep.\u201d &#8211; 49-year-old Costa Rican immigrant woman in New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cA friend of mine, who is a citizen, told me ideally, my daughter should have a guardian. They told me to give her a power of attorney because in case I were to be deported.\u201d &#8211; 57-year-old Colombian immigrant man in Iowa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe have talked with the children, to be prepared, options&#8230; financial matters and all that, this situation has accelerated the process to have options, A, B, C and D, then, things that before we didn&#8217;t focus on too much, we are focusing on today because it&#8217;s more likely, so we have to be prepared with the children regarding housing, finances, family, or people to go to, in case God forbids that something happen.\u201d &#8211; 40-year-old Mexican immigrant man in California<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-impacts-of-fears-on-workplaces-and-employment\">Impacts of Fears on Workplaces and Employment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Some participants said they have become increasingly fearful of going to work and\/or that they have noticed fewer workers showing up at their workplaces due to immigration-related fears<\/strong>. Those working in restaurants or transportation also reported declines in income due to fewer people leaving their homes to eat or travel. Those employed in factories, construction work, and field work said they were working longer hours and more shifts since some coworkers had left. While this resulted in higher incomes for some, others felt stressed about the increases in hours and some of those working in management roles said that they were struggling to find new workers to replace those who left, with one noting that, \u201cno one wants to work right now&#8230; they\u2019re really scared\u201d. While one participant said her employer had offered to provide support and resources to help protect her, another said that her employer had told her there was nothing the company could do if there was a raid at the workplace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-style-blue-box wp-block-tenup-callout\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-callout__content\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In Their Own Words: Impacts of Immigration-Related Fears on Work<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cOnce Trump came in with immigration, with the idea of wanting to kick everyone who\u2019s not from this country, companies are deciding 100% American first. So, they\u2019re getting rid of all Hispanic people, leaving many without jobs\u2026Many Hispanics do the hard work, the work that Americans don\u2019t want to do. So, [Hispanics] have been left without jobs, which is why the economy has gone down. There are no people filling those gaps.\u201d \u2013 34-year-old Ecuadorian immigrant woman in New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI work in a restaurant, and we depend on tips. So, there are fewer clients because of the fear that they might get caught [by ICE]. Many prefer to bring their lunch and not go out from work, from home to work and from work to home. \u2026They no longer go to restaurants because, supposedly, there were going to be raids on restaurants too.\u201d &#8211; 29-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI\u2019m a driver, and people that always use transportation has decreased a lot, they don\u2019t use the transportation or they haven\u2019t gone to work, so it has changed.\u201d &#8211; 51-year-old Mexican immigrant man in California<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIn my case, I had six workers, and three of them quit because of fear. They stopped working. Once all the raids started, they left. They left me with the work unfinished because of fear. Now people don\u2019t want to work, they\u2019re scared, they don\u2019t want to go to work because they are scared. I honestly am struggling a lot because no one wants to work right now in business like this. They\u2019re really scared.\u201d &#8211; 42-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI work in the fields, and in fact, days ago when they said immigration was in Bakersfield a lot of people stopped going to work\u2026\u201d &#8211; 41-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in California<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cMy bosses are American too, and they\u2019ve told me that if I need anything, they even told me that they need me so much and that if possible, they would try to figure out what they had to do, but that they would not let me leave. I also feel a lot of protection from them.\u201d &#8211; 42-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c[I feel] fear because [ICE] can come in if they want to, they are not respecting anything. For example, in my job, I asked my boss, the boss who really commands, what the corporation would do if [ICE] came. Their answer was that, if they come, they can come in, and we have no backup. If they come, they come in and ask for documents without a warrant.\u201d &#8211; 34-year-old Ecuadorian immigrant woman in New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-impacts-of-fears-on-daily-lives\">Impacts of Fears on Daily Lives<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Participants reported stark changes in their daily lives due to immigration related fears<\/strong>. Many said they were limiting their time outside the home and avoiding a range of activities, such as driving, traveling, and participating in community and recreational activities, including attending church or events. One participant said she had started attending church virtually and a few others said they were no longer going to church due to fear. Many reported seeing empty restaurants, streets, and parks in their neighborhoods. Some participants noted that these changes are leading to feeling isolated and alone and spending long hours inside the home. Many said, when they do go out, they are constantly on edge and looking around the environment because they do not feel safe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Some participants also described impacts on children\u2019s daily lives and routines, noting that they or others in their community were scared to send their children to <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/issue-brief\/potential-impacts-of-increased-immigration-enforcement-on-school-attendance-and-funding\/\"><strong>school<\/strong><\/a><strong>, particularly in the days immediately following the election<\/strong>. Other participants talked about no longer being able to take their children to parks in their neighborhoods or on other outings or vacations and expressed sadness about not being able to explain to their young children why. Some participants also described instances of their children taking on more family responsibilities. For example, one participant said his U.S.-born daughter has taken on primary responsibility for running the household errands to limit the parents\u2019 time outside the home. The participant also said that his daughter was considering joining the Army because she was told it helps her father adjust his immigration status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-style-blue-box wp-block-tenup-callout\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-callout__content\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In Their Own Words: Impacts of Immigration-Related Fears on Daily Lives and Routines<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe are no longer going to be able to renew our cars, for example, I used to renew it with my passport, and this will affect me because my little truck is in my name, and now we won\u2019t be able to do that anymore.\u201d &#8211; 29-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cSo, it\u2019s like we\u2019re in a constant winter, you know? Like what my colleague said, we\u2019re always at home. So, now that summer is here, now that all of this started this year, everyone is kind of holding back when it comes to going outside, to any type of activity, whether it\u2019s working or having some kind of business activity or any leisure activity. So, that affects you physically, emotionally, mentally as well\u2026. You don\u2019t feel free. You feel like you\u2019re in a cage.\u201d &#8211; 30-year-old Colombian immigrant man in New York<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cA week before the stores were full, and the following week they were completely empty. I mean, that\u2019s how I saw the impact [the election] had.\u201d &#8211; 24-year-old Mexican immigrant man in Missouri<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cLiving under the radar, not raising alarms, staying out of situations, even staying away from a ticket, just in case they stop you for a ticket. Basically, living under the radar, as if you don\u2019t exist.\u201d &#8211; 30-year-old Colombian immigrant man in New York<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIn the church that I visit, many Mexicans go there. \u2026I\u2019m almost not going to mass anymore because of\u2026the fear. There were a lot of Mexicans, and lately the church is empty, and they\u2019re scared.\u201d &#8211; 54-year-old Dominican immigrant woman in New York<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cSocializing&#8230; going places, whether it\u2019s restaurants or malls because of the uncertainty of not knowing when they will do a raid. People prefer to stay home instead of exposing themselves.\u201d &#8211; 34-year-old Ecuadorian immigrant woman in New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI have coworkers who, when all of this started, stopped taking their children to school out of fear. So the children stayed home and missed days until they felt a little more at ease.\u201d &#8211; 55-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Kansas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cYes, [fears] affected my children because\u2026 I told them about the reason for my behavior, I didn\u2019t want to go to the store; I would just leave work, work is just two or three minutes away, right here close by, and I would lock myself up. I didn\u2019t go out. I stayed like that. I went into this horrible fear, something awful, because I thought \u2018I\u2019m not going to fall again\u2019\u2026. I talked to my children, and my children cried, and it\u2019s really sad, all of this.\u201d &#8211; 50-year-old Honduran immigrant woman in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIn my case, I have a six-year-old child. Honestly, I\u2019m afraid to take him to the park, and he asks me, \u2018Mom, why don\u2019t we go to the park?\u2019 How do I tell him? I\u2019m scared. How do I tell him that we\u2019re at risk? He doesn\u2019t understand, he just wants to go to the park, but for me, it breaks my heart.\u201d &#8211; 49-year-old Costa Rican immigrant woman in New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-impacts-on-health-and-well-being\">Impacts on Health and Well-Being<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Immigration-related fears have taken a toll on the mental health and well-being of many focus group participants, as well as their children<\/strong>. Many participants described feeling anxious, stressed, depressed, isolated, and lonely due to the changes in their daily lives and constantly having to be on high alert. Participants described suffering from insomnia, loss of appetite, and symptoms such as stomach problems and migraine headaches due to fears and stress. For example, one participant said that she had lost \u201calmost ten pounds in two weeks.\u201d Participants also talked about how the environment has impacted children, with them experiencing increased fears and feelings of sadness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-style-blue-box wp-block-tenup-callout\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-callout__content\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In Their Own Words: Impacts of Immigration-Related Fears on Health and Well-Being<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI\u2019ve realized that now I have a lot of fear at night, I think and think about what\u2019s going to happen, what\u2019s going to happen to me; I have insomnia now, which I didn\u2019t have before.\u201d &#8211; 55-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Kansas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cEmotionally, well, it makes you feel sad, feel alone, I mean, not feeling part of anything, not feeling part of a community. I mean, you don\u2019t interact with anyone, you don\u2019t have anyone to talk to, no one to share your stories with, no one to listen to, you feel sad, you feel depressed, anxiety.\u201d &#8211; 34-year-old Ecuadorian immigrant woman in New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThey [kids] were terrified when they saw what was on the news, hearing families talk, and it created fear in the kids. They\u2019d start crying, and yes, it affects them too, especially when they\u2019re at an age when they\u2019re aware and can understand what\u2019s going on.\u201d &#8211; 55-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Kansas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI\u2019ve had insomnia for two weeks. I\u2019ve been going to sleep at 2, 3, 4, or 5 in the morning, and I have to wake up at 6. So yes, it\u2019s affecting me. I\u2019m more nervous, my sleep is very disturbed. I\u2019ve lost almost ten pounds in two weeks, and it wasn\u2019t really from January or February, we\u2019re talking about just March.\u201d &#8211; 40-year-old Mexican immigrant man in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cA while ago, I had some stomach problems, and stress and anxiety make it worse. For me, it\u2019s like it damaged my health.\u201d &#8211; 24-year-old Mexican immigrant man in Missouri<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Many participants report avoiding seeking health care due to concerns about costs and fears<\/strong>. Some participants said they are more fearful of seeking health care due to heightened fears, with a few saying that they had heard on the news that hospitals may be sharing patient information with ICE. While <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/issue-brief\/potential-impacts-of-new-requirements-in-florida-and-texas-for-hospitals-to-request-patient-immigration-status\/\">hospitals<\/a> in Texas and Florida request information on immigration status under recent state laws, at the time the focus groups were conducted, such information was not shared with immigration officials for enforcement purposes. However, beyond fears, costs continue to be a major barrier to health care, particularly amid growing financial challenges. A few participants said that when they do seek care, they prefer to go to smaller Hispanic-serving community clinics or pop-up medical fairs as those are more affordable and that they trust those places more than larger health care facilities. Some focus group participants said they prefer to use \u201cnatural\u201d or home health remedies instead of seeking mainstream health care in the U.S., in part due to immigration-related fears as well as challenges paying for health care in the U.S. Several participants also said that they relied on medicines that they or a family member brought from their home countries instead of purchasing medicines or seeking health care in the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-style-blue-box wp-block-tenup-callout\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-callout__content\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In Their Own Words: Barriers to Health Care <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cFor the 21 years I\u2019ve been here, the times I\u2019ve gone to the doctor have been very few, and honestly when I go to the doctor, it\u2019s because I feel like I\u2019m dying or can\u2019t bear some kind of pain.\u201d &#8211; 40-year-old Mexican immigrant man in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI have really bad arthritis, and I\u2019ve been to the hospital many times, but now I don\u2019t even want to go. I don\u2019t take my medicine, I don\u2019t buy it because I don\u2019t have much money. The help to get a doctor is just bad.\u201d &#8211; 43-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cPersonally, I\u2019ve never gone to typical American clinics, like the regular ones. I always go to places recommended by other Latinos\u2026 so at least, I don\u2019t feel like they\u2019re keeping a record of me or asking for papers or anything like that.\u201d &#8211; 31-year-old Colombian immigrant woman in North Carolina<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cYesterday, I was in a car accident. I was hit, so I felt really bad. When the police officer asked me if I wanted an ambulance to take me to the doctor, I started thinking, \u2018Should I go to the doctor?\u2019 I had already heard that doctors might call immigration or ask about your status in the hospitals.\u201d &#8211; 43-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c&#8230;I prefer to stay at home, cure myself with natural remedies, with medicine from my country, and try to take care of my health so I don&#8217;t have to expose myself.\u201d &#8211; 34-year-old Ecuadorian immigrant woman in New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI also try home remedies that I know work&#8230; But yes, I\u2019ve gone like two or three times to clinics where I feel safe&#8230; where they don\u2019t take my personal information.\u201d &#8211; 29-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Kansas<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Many focus group participants are fearful of accessing public programs, including health coverage, and there is persistent confusion and misunderstanding around whether participating in these programs can negatively impact immigration status<\/strong>. Most participants said that they were not using public assistance programs due to immigration-related fears and\/or a preference to be self-reliant. A number indicated that they believe that using such programs may negatively affect their ability to adjust their immigration status in the future or put them at risk for deportation, although under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/issue-brief\/2022-changes-to-the-public-charge-inadmissibility-rule-and-the-implications-for-health-care\/\">public charge<\/a> policy as of the time the focus groups were conducted, use of non-cash assistance programs does not negatively affect immigration status and programs cannot share information for immigration enforcement purposes. Some participants indicated that they were receiving health coverage or other assistance for their children, most of whom are U.S. citizens. Some participants also said they received health coverage for themselves through Medi-Cal, which offers state-funded coverage to immigrants regardless of status in California, or a local program in Harris County, Texas, knows as the \u201cGold Card.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-style-blue-box wp-block-tenup-callout\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-callout__content\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In Their Own Words: Concerns about Participating in Public Programs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI prefer to not ask for anything, to avoid leaving a record or trace.\u201d- 31-year-old Colombian immigrant woman in North Carolina<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cFrom what I\u2019ve heard from other people, they\u2019re afraid that if they apply today, they might not be able to fix their immigration status in the future because they\u2019ve received help from the government. That\u2019s why I\u2019ve never applied.\u201d &#8211; 50-year-old Honduran immigrant woman in Texas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cYes, in my case, I try not to [apply for public programs] because I feel like I don\u2019t want to be on any list, like I\u2019m a burden to the government. The only thing I do receive is, of course, medical insurance for my son, but I don\u2019t think I\u2019ll apply for food stamps or any other benefits because of the fear that I don\u2019t want to be a burden.\u201d &#8211; 49-year-old Costa Rican immigrant woman in New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-future-outlook\">Future Outlook<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Several participants said they are considering leaving the U.S. or are uncertain about their future plans due to the current environment<\/strong>. KFF survey data found that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/poll-finding\/kff-survey-of-immigrants-views-and-experiences-in-the-early-days-of-president-trumps-second-term\">most<\/a> immigrants would still choose to move to the U.S. knowing what they know now. In contrast, several focus group participants said they would not choose again to move to the U.S., in part due to the strong anti-immigrant rhetoric in society and in part due to the economy. Some participants also said that they were making plans to move back to their countries of birth in the future while others expressed uncertainty and said that they were going to \u201cwait and see what happens with this government.\u201d Participants who were considering moving back to their countries of birth also noted challenges associated with a potential move, such as no longer being familiar with their country of birth, not knowing where to go back to, and not having any family left there since their lives, livelihoods, home, and families are in the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-style-blue-box wp-block-tenup-callout\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-tenup-callout__content\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In Their Own Words: Future Outlook<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI spend all the time thinking because I\u2019ve been here for 40 years, I came when I was 19, so I only know this place. So going back to a country I don\u2019t know, I don\u2019t know what\u2019s going to happen, where I\u2019m going to go, or even if I have family there.\u201d &#8211; 49-year-old Costa Rican immigrant woman in New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c&#8230; we have started to study options, studying possibilities, there\u2019s not a set plan, but we have the idea.\u201d &#8211; 38-year-old Venezuelan immigrant man in California<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI already spoke to my children, and I told them that if anything happens to me again, I won\u2019t return to the United States. I have a house, I have everything. I don\u2019t care anymore. I\u2019m OK because my kids have their houses, I left them everything. Now I can leave in peace, but I won\u2019t come back here.\u201d &#8211; 42-year-old Mexican immigrant woman in Texas who had past experience with detention<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIt&#8217;s like one day we saw a life here, now we just have to wait and see what happens with this government, and if things become very hard we could end up having to go back.\u201d &#8211; 31-year-old Colombian immigrant woman in North Carolina<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"toc-section wp-block-tenup-table-of-contents-section\" id=\"497d1706-45f7-41b4-b427-6f15f48700e8\" data-uuid=\"497d1706-45f7-41b4-b427-6f15f48700e8\">\n\t<h2 class=\"toc-section__title\">Methodology<\/h2>\n\t\n<div data-uuid=\"497d1706-45f7-41b4-b427-6f15f48700e8\" class=\"wp-block-tenup-table-of-contents-section\"><div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">KFF conducted four focus groups with 29 Hispanic adults who are themselves a likely undocumented immigrant or living with a likely undocumented immigrant across the country to provide deeper insights into the experiences of these families amid the current environment. The four groups were conducted in March 2025 virtually in Spanish and each lasted two hours. Each group was mixed gender and included six to eight participants from several regions in the U.S.: California, Texas, New Jersey and New York, and parts of the Midwest (Kansas, Missouri, North Carolina, Nebraska).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For each group, participants were chosen based on the following criteria: Must be at least 18 years of age, identify as Hispanic, and either they or someone living with them are a noncitizen immigrant without lawful permanent resident status (a \u201cgreen card\u201d) and without a valid work or student visa, meaning they were likely undocumented. In addition, groups were chosen to represent a mix of household composition, including at least some participants who are parents; a mix of areas of employment; and a preference for recruiting participants who had sought health care in the U.S. and have someone in their household with an ongoing health condition. Participants had a variety of countries of birth including: Mexico (14), Colombia (4), Ecuador (3), El Salvador (2), Venezuela (2), Costa Rica (1), Argentina (1), Dominican Republic (1), and Honduras (1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PerryUndem recruited and hosted the focus groups. The screener questionnaire and discussion guides were developed by researchers at KFF in consultation with PerryUndem. Groups were audio and video recorded with participants\u2019 permission. Transcripts and recordings were de-identified and are used for research purposes only; they will be deleted after use. Each participant was given $200 after participating.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"post-footer\">\n\t<div class=\"post-footer__title\">More On<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"post-footer__links\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/topic\/immigrant-health\/\">\n\t\t\t\tImmigrant Health\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/topic\/public-opinion\/\">\n\t\t\t\tPublic Opinion\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/topic\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/\">\n\t\t\t\tRacial Equity and Health Policy\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-kff-shared-content-sidebar\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-kff-shared-related-content--green wp-block-kff-shared-related-content\">\n\t<h2 class=\"wp-block-kff-shared-related-content__heading\">Also of Interest<\/h2>\n\t<div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-kff-shared-related-content__card\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/kff-survey-of-immigrants-views-and-experiences-in-the-early-days-of-president-trumps-second-term\/\" class=\"wp-block-kff-shared-related-content__link\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-block-kff-shared-related-content__card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\tKFF Survey of Immigrants: Views and Experiences in the Early Days of President Trump&#8217;s Second Term\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-kff-shared-related-content__card\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/potential-impacts-of-mass-detention-and-deportation-efforts-on-the-health-and-well-being-of-immigrant-families\/\" class=\"wp-block-kff-shared-related-content__link\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-block-kff-shared-related-content__card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPotential Impacts of Mass Detention and Deportation Efforts on the Health and Well-Being of Immigrant Families\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-kff-shared-related-content__card\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/expected-immigration-policies-under-a-second-trump-administration-and-their-health-and-economic-implications\/\" class=\"wp-block-kff-shared-related-content__link\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-block-kff-shared-related-content__card-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\tExpected Immigration Policies Under a Second Trump Administration and Their Health and Economic Implications\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>During his second term, President Trump has implemented an array of immigration policy changes focused on restricting immigration and increasing interior immigration enforcement efforts. These policy changes include restrictions on both lawful and unlawful immigration into the U.S., increased interior enforcement activities to support mass deportation, attempts to end birthright citizenship for the children of noncitizen immigrants, and rescinding protections against enforcement action in previously protected areas such as schools, churches, and health care facilities. These actions have broad impacts across immigrant families of all statuses, including the millions of U.S. citizen children living in them. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":155412896,"featured_media":662340,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"authors":[{"type":"foundation","id":550686,"name":""},{"type":"foundation","id":579304,"name":""},{"type":"foundation","id":601240,"name":""},{"type":"foundation","id":49509,"name":""},{"type":"foundation","id":49520,"name":""},{"type":"foundation","id":555445,"name":""}],"exhibits":[],"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","_classifai_text_to_speech_error":"","hide_from_search":false,"show_featured_image":false,"subheading":"","tag":"","search_keywords":"Issue Brief, 10679, Drishti Pillai, Isabelle Valdes, Alisha Rao, Samantha Artiga, Liz Hamel, Shannon Schumacher","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"shortlink":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[48441,63719,151977897],"tags":[],"series":[579145465],"partner":[],"content-types":[579145483],"program":[155109732,155099461],"class_list":["post-661643","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-immigrant-health","category-public-opinion","category-racial-equity-and-health-policy","series-surveys-of-immigrants","content-types-issue-brief","program-public-opinion-and-survey-research","program-racial-equity-and-health-policy-program"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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